South dakota rockhound. 00 Add to cart; Hills Fairburn $ 50.

South dakota rockhound Shop Miner Direct South Dakota Gems & Minerals by SouthDakotaRockhound located in Custer, South Dakota. Looking for things to do in Weta Township? Our 2024 travel guide unveils hidden gems, must-see landmarks, delicious local eats, and handpicked hotels for every budget. plattevalleyequipment. In this section, we’ll answer the most commonly-asked question when it comes to finding Utah agates. 3 in x 1. Getting there: From Rapid City, South Dakota head south on SD-79 approximately 26 miles until you reach the exit for the town of Fairburn. They were originally identified near Fairburn, South Dakota, on the outskirts of the Black Hills. Specs Categories: Hats, Merch Availability: 1 in stock. Hills Fairburn Cabochons Create custom jewelry from ethically sourced high quality cabochons cut from from rare Hills Fairburn Agates . Answer 1 of 9: I'm a major rockhound and love all things rock related. Known for its intricate patterns and bold colors, Fairburn agate is another fascinating type of agate. Hills Agates; Black Hills Geodes; Paha Sapa Jasper; Rose Quartz; Rockhound Merch Home; Rockhound Locations; Local Rock Shops; Rock & Gem Shows; Rockhound Store. Stone Decor . It’s crucial to rockhound responsibly and safely. Deposits of minerals of wide distribution, such as quartz and calcite because they occur in sufficient quantity to 1977. Extinct Mammal Age: 20-30 million years old. The site is open to the public for rockhounding, and visitors can search for agates and other gems throughout the area. It takes everyone's eyes off the drilling and that's when the pipe needs to be pulled out , as they hit a gas pocket, but they can't do it in time. 5 in x 1. They're certainly much more common. Shop our unique collection today. state including thousands of rockhounding sites – and continue to add more every day. Is it illegal to collect agate in Utah? 48K Followers, 5,631 Following, 1,229 Posts - Benjamin Bunting - Charleston Fossil Hunter & Real Estate Agent (@lowcountryfossilhunter) on Instagram: "Charleston-based Fossil Hunting Real Estate Agent Shop Fossils Below " Age: 20-30 million years old. The options may be chosen on the product page Rose Quartz Tumble Rough (Large) $ 20. 3 in Measures Approximately 2. 00 Add to cart; Rockhound Hat Face measures approximately 0. View photos, maps, and details $375/mo MiningClaim Ownership of property Hill City, South Dakota 57745, and contact seller on Land. These historic grounds once sparked one of the largest gold rushes in American history, Keith Jackson is an avid rockhound who is constantly exploring new sites to expand his collection. 1 in stock. Follow this road 6. With its diverse range of geological formations and rich mining history, the state offers a plethora of opportunities for gemstone hunting and fossil collecting. ssm group, inc. JOHN DEERE 200 Online Auction Results In Vermillion, South Dakota. , and Nash, W. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group,언어세상. There's such an incredible variety of material you find in the same location on the Buffalo Gap National Grasslands (where pretty much everything on this page was found). Where to Find Fossil Fish. Another great item from Rockhound's 1st Choice. Agate and jasper are both types of quartz, but they form in different ways. Custer, South Dakota (605) 673-5152; Directions. com Etsy Star Seller ⭐️" 70's/80's fold out with map wear a long the top edge Raw Fairburn agate photo provided by South Dakota Rockhound. Falcon Guide Books Falcon Guide Books: Introduction and Significance Falcon Guide Books is an exceptional literary creation that examines universal truths, shedding light on JOHN DEERE 569 PREMIUM Online Auction Results In Carpenter, South Dakota. Pendleton District Gem and Mineral Society. , there are likely many exciting rockhounding sites nearby. The beds of South Dakota Agates in Kadoka, Railroad, and Fairburn, some of the most productive places for you when searching for where to dig Fairburn Agates in South Dakota. If you would like some pictures I could send you some and if you have an info on the what we have, I’d be very curious! Thank you! South Dakota Rockhound. The Wind River runs from the alpine lakes of the Contin Canadian Rockhound (2000) 4(1). South Carolina. On top of that, we’ve created a resource page to assist with answering all of your gem and mineral collecting questions. 6 in. Book (volume) Fourche and Cheyenne rivers. Speedy replies! Has a history of replying to messages quickly. Desert Magazine 1961 August - Desert Magazine of the Southwest dakota dale hummel construction. The widespread badlands of western South Dakota offer the rockhound thousands of acres of interesting collection for a No matter where you live in the U. We’ve found some rocks on our 5 acre property that we believe to be fairburn agates. The opposite is true of Hills Fairburns where Measures approximately 4. It is also one of the major areas for studying field geology. Follow posted signage and always get permission from the landowner to collect. Drive 0. Kids just love that. 0 in x 2. Details Start: June 7 End: June 9 Cost: Free Website: https://www. Rose Quartz Tumble Rough (Small) $ 20. Turn left onto Co Hwy 18 / N Fairburn Rd. The Hill 1 deposit is a hard rock mine located in the Pringle area of Custer County. 6 miles until you see a forest service road off to the right. It usually has bands and swirls of different colors like red, yellow, 9,744 Followers, 2,521 Following, 811 Posts - Alison Jean Cole (@alisonjeancole) on Instagram: "Full-Time Rock Enthusiast " Let Us Know About Your Rock and Mineral Club! Joining a rock club is a great way to meet other people in your area with similar interests. Getting there: From Hot Springs, South Dakota drive north on US-385 approximately 15 miles. Where to stay: The town of Hot Springs is 20 minutes south and offers hotels and camping. Mined from the pristine landscapes of South Dakota, our Rose Quartz is a masterpiece of nature, boasting a soft, rosy glow that captures the essence of romance and tranquility. 7026. Dispersed camping is allowed on forest service land. What to bring: Rock hammer, chisels, pick axe, buckets, backpack, water, snacks. Texas -Prohibits collecting. Getting there: From Custer, South Dakota travel west on Mt Rushmore Rd / HWY. South Dakota has specific rules in place to protect both you and the environment: Land Ownership: Ensure you have permission to be South Dakota Geological Survey Science Center, University Vermillion, South Dakota 57069 The South Dakota Division of Tourism, Joe Foss Bldg. , Pierre, S. Rockhound Hat $ 30. Use this resource as a guide to get you started. Paha Sapa Jasper can often be agatized with small Getting there: From Oelrichs, South Dakota travel 3. Agate photo provided by South Dakota Rockhound. 1 in x 1. Shop our collection of beautiful Hills Agates for sale. You can also learn new skills, since some clubs offer classes in things like cabochon cutting, faceting, wire wrapping, and more, and they have a workshop with equipment available to members. Reds, oranges, and even a bit of brown are to be expected. ) Vol. One of the most common questions rockhounds have is whether or not they are allowed to collect at a certain location. It is the responsibility of each rockhound to obtain permission from a landowner to search and/or collect on a piece of property. That’s how Clark, a lawyer practicing in Appleton, Wisconsin, discovered Fairburn agates. The old-timers knew the hillside around the mine as a productive area for surface hunting. South Dakota is a rockhound's paradise. I’m 51 years old. 14K Followers, 4,707 Following, 495 Posts - South Dakota Rockhound (@southdakotarockhound) on Instagram: "Rockhound exploring the Black Hills of South Dakota. More To Explore Tumbled Specimens Polished Agate Hill Mine The Agate Hill Mine is located West of Custer in the Pleasant Valley Area. From diamonds, rubies, emeralds, Arizona, Montana, Wyoming, South Dakota, and now also in Idaho, Utah, and Nevada for over 25 years. I have found some incredible little fossils and rocks in that glacial till gravel. Uncover the best of Weta Township with Trip. " South Dakota Rockhound (@southdakotarockhound) • Instagram photos and videos Gems, Minerals & Merch from South Dakota Hills Agates Geodes Paha Sapa Jasper Rose Quartz Rockhound Merch Recently Added Agates for Sale from South Dakota The Fairburn Ridge Mine is located South of Custer in the Pringle Area. South Dakota has some amazing rockhounding to offer, with its rich geological history and diverse landscapes. Western South Carolina Gem and Mineral Society. Agates for sale from the Black Hills of South Dakota. 6 oz Hills Fairburn Jewelry Hills Fairburns provide excellent gem material for creating beautiful pieces of jewelry. Little things like career, life are getting in the way!! It's not like I need yet another hobby, but in the summer of 2017, my son and I were bitten by the "rockhounding" bug. This page is devoted to jaspers and miscellaneous oddball pieces that I just don't know how to label. 9 in x 0. D. Hills Agates; Black Hills Geodes; Paha Sapa Jasper; Rose Quartz; Rockhound Merch Check out one of the many locally owned Rock Shops in South Dakota. With its rich geological history, you’re set for an adventure that could end with pockets full of treasures. Measures approximately 2. Rockhounding (UPDATED 8-16-23 – This location was Grasslands Locations Kern Agate Beds Railroad Buttes Weta Explore More Rockhound Locations Become a South Dakota Rockhound Premium Member Join Now South Dakota rockhounding maps to hunt for crystals, gemstones, minerals, and ores. Thank you for your business. Fairburn Agate Hunter - Facebook 82K Followers, 401 Following, 1,041 Posts - Chris Sims (@carnelianchris) on Instagram: "Agate and Crystal Hunter in Washington Shop https://carnelianchris. There are other examples on the updated pages on South Dakota Rockhound pages. It's a little difficult to precisely label many rocks as a specific type of agate. 00 Add to cart Rose Quartz Tumble Rough (Small) $ 20. While there are many great gem mine sites in Arkansas, you may want to focus your search on the following places if you want to find agates here: Keith Jackson is an avid rockhound who is constantly exploring new sites to expand his collection. 505 on your left. Whether you are a seasoned rockhound or a beginner, South Dakota has something to offer for everyone. An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon. 4 - Part IV - South Dakota through Wyoming. Getting there: From Custer, South Dakota travel west on HWY. Description Description. Forests and streams are generally the best places to rockhound in Idaho. ” Source ROCKHOUND GUIDE South Dakota is acknowledged to be a virtual paradise for those who are interested in rocks, minerals, gemstones, and fossils. Report (volume) statement may give a clearer and more comprehensive view of the occurrences than 3 4 USEFUL MINERALS OF it helpful to refer to Survey Bulletin 507, "The mining districts of the western United States," and to exhausted by mining or quarrying. It’s clear, large enough to be remarkable, and can be found in decent amounts. Rockhounding in South Dakota is legal and encouraged, but it’s important to adhere to all local and state laws governing it. rushmore, badlands, hill city, keystone, rapid city, spearfish). The Kern Beds near the town of Fairburn, South Dakota have become world famous for producing beautiful Fairburn Agates. Reference Search (possible matching items) (2023) Dorfmanite. Please protect our cultural resources. com. The options may be chosen on the product page South Dakota Rockhound Prairie Agates. Contained in these location guides are maps and links to GPS coordinates where you can begin your very Agate photo provided by South Dakota Rockhound. The 18 Proven Places To Find South Dakota Petrified Wood in 2025. However, prairie agates found in the state are incredibly gorgeous, and often have some truly astounding colors and patterns. They have an incredible fine, even banding, often displaying an incredible array of different colors. facebook. Over 40 types of minerals can be found here, alongside rocks, crystals, gemstones, and fossils. Sioux Empire Gem and Mineral Society – Sioux Falls, SD; Western Dakota Gem & Mineral Society – Rapid City, SD; South Dakota Rockhounding Laws And Regulations. 4 miles until you reach BLM Rd. Please add me to your list of favorite sellers and visit often. There are also places in the hills were you can pan for gold. 7 in x 0. In this article, I’ll tell you where you can find a first aid kit and what it Beste, Bob (2014) Location Guide for Rockhounds in the United States (4th ed. I'll be in South Dakota in about 2 weeks and will hit all the major attractions (black hills, mt. Although heavily hunted, Admin Rockhound December 29, 2021 Rockhounding clubs in South Dakota worth checking out. The majority of that looks like the first few pieces here, with a grayish overall South Dakota’s Black Hills have produced over $4 billion in gold since the first discovery in 1874. A post shared by South Dakota Rockhound (@southdakotarockhound) These agates mainly come in earth tones. Knoxville Gem & Mineral Society Raw Fairburn agate photo provided by South Dakota Rockhound. 62 Related products. Burns, bruises, cuts, scrapes, and splinters always seem to be part of camping and RV excursions. Townley Mine The Townley Mine is a deposit in the high country of Custer County. Over time, water The State-by-State section provides rockhound information about rocks, minerals, gemstones, fossils, and meteorites as well as rockhounding resources, books, museums, neat places to visit, and recreational rockhounding sites for every state in America. Shop our collection today. They often establish relationships with landowners, mines, and other organizations to arrange special access for their members. Handbook of Mineralogy. 4 oz South Dakota’s Black Hills are a treasure trove of natural beauty, and now you can bring a piece of this geological wonderland home with our Bag of “Pay Dirt. I wouldn’t recommend a trip to South Dakota just to find a few crystals of it. Home / shop shop. 5/13/2020 6:58:04 pm dan rockhound apparel rogers mechanical company rose corporation santa?s heating & air sentry plumbing llc seventy-three manufacturing co inc sfs group usa south reading blacktop, a division of h&k group, inc. All Locations Black Hills Locations Grasslands Locations Browse by County All Locations All Locations Enter Keyword. The deposit produces large nodules that are mostly orange jasper with orange / blue agates around the edge of the nodule. JOHN DEERE HD Online Auction Results In Vermillion, South Dakota. Home; Rockhound Locations; Local Rock Shops; Rock & Gem Shows; Rockhound Store. I have created guides for every U. I met Don Bahr, a veteran West River rockhound, in Rapid City and we headed south down Highway 79 toward Fairburn. Due to the rarity of Grasslands Fairburns, these tumbled Home; Rockhound Locations; Local Rock Shops; Rock & Gem Shows; Rockhound Store. Aiken Gem and Mineral Society. 00 Add to cart; Fluorescent Hills Fairburn $ 60. It usually has bands and swirls of different colors like Fairburn agate photo provided by South Dakota Rockhound. Custer, South Dakota (605) 673-5152; Website; Directions. This deposit produces beautiful, highly desirable agates. The deposit produces many large blue agates that Measures approximately 1. Event Views Navigation Kern Agate Beds The Kern Beds near the town of Fairburn, South Dakota have become world famous for producing beautiful Fairburn Agates. JOHN DEERE 618C Online Auction Results In Vermillion, South Dakota. Many of them are paved from glacial till. Paha Sapa Jasper is the name given to Jasper Found in the Black Hills of South Dakota. 00 Add to Measures Approximately 1. October 23, 2023. speakman sourcing & machine design, inc. This means you can explore and collect specimens in areas that are otherwise off-limits to the public. The selenite from South Dakota is a good example of the stuff. Transcription . Related products. Find Events. 6 oz South Dakota is a fantastic state for rockhounding; apart from viewing Mount Rushmore while rockhounding, The Black Hills in South Dakota is the best place to rockhound the entire state. We hope you enjoy your time on our site and come back often because we’re always adding new dig locations and crystal South Dakota Rockhounding Laws & Regulations. 16 for 7. JOHN DEERE 745FD Online Auction Results In Vermillion, South Dakota. 7 in Weighs 12. 59 oz Rockhound Merch; Sign in. This core, known as the Harney Peak Granite, is Rockhound Locations View a variety of Rockhound locations across South Dakota. Rave South Dakota is a great destination for rockhounding enthusiasts, with opportunities to find various minerals and fossils. JOHN DEERE 6155 Online Auction Results In Vermillion, South Dakota. Statute: “It is against the law to remove or damage any plants, rocks, natural formations, historic relics, antlers, skulls or any other natural features from state parks. etsy. I already have so many unprocessed bird photos sitting on my hard drive that I doubt there are enough years left in my life to process them all, and add them to my website or blog. I have FAR too many hobbies. The widespread badlands of western South Dakota offer the rockhound thousands of acres of interesting collection for a wide spectrum of colorful gem materials. Search for: Home » shop. August 29, 2024. Lowcountry Gem and Mineral Society. Black Pirate Sea Glass Color. South Dakota Rockhound. Prairie Agates are the most widespread. Selenite is cool stuff, just remember that it’s also more common in many other parts of the country. The majority of that looks like the first few pieces here, with a grayish overall South Dakota Rockhound Petrified Wood. August 7, 2023. 00 Add to cart; Hills Fairburn $ 50. Most collectors are primarily interested in the Fairburn agates and ro When to visit: Spring, Fall, Winter (if dry), Summer (if cool) What you can find: Tepee Canyon agate, jasper, fossil shells, calcite. Bubblegum agates are sometimes overlookedin their basic Geology of South Dakota. 5 miles east on HWY. 5 in Weighs 6. Black, Brown, and whites or creams, tans, beige or orange bandings are very common from there. 0 oz Measures approximates 0. Custer County, South Dakota. South Dakota Rockhound Prairie Agates. I'd love some South Dakota is a treasure trove for rockhounding enthusiasts. Montana Sapphires: A Rockhound Guide. Most sought after is the brightly patterned fairburn agate, an elusive and distinctive Fairburn Agates are one of the world’s most famous, and they’re found only here in South Dakota. 00 Add to cart; Hills Agate Pay Dirt $ 50. 3 in Weighs 1. After 2. Take 7026 to the top of the Hill where it comes to a T. South Dakota Rockhound explores different rockhound areas an South Dakota Rockhound Other Agates and Jaspers. Find nearby land, This western part of SOUTH DAKOTA is a rockhound and vacation paradise and has several important gem and mineral deposits in addition to the famous gold deposits of the Black Hills. More To Explore Tumbled Specimens Where to stay: The Hell Canyon area south of US-16 is open to dispersed camping. 75 in x 1. 9 miles in the town of Fairburn, turn Getting there: From Rapid City, South Dakota drive 21 miles east on SD-44 until you reach 160th Ave / Farmingdale-Folsom Rd and turn right. Where to stay: The area Hill 1 Mine. S. A Social Community for Rockhounds Become a Rockhound. Columbia Gem & Mineral Society. In South Dakota, rockhounding clubs can provide access to exclusive collecting locations and permissions. Petrified wood is pretty easy to find on the Buffalo Gap National Grasslands, including some really good-sized chunks. 00 Select options This product has multiple variants. Prairie agates aren't as famed as South Dakota's Fairburn agates. Other samples will Safety Regulations for Rockhounding in South Dakota. 25 in Weighs 4. South Dakota South Dakota’s rugged beauty isn’t just for postcards—it’s a rockhound’s paradise waiting to be explored. Weighs 0. Agates from the Nebraska and the nearby Ardmore, South Dakota beds are frequently larger and have more matrix area than their South Dakota counterparts. Although heavily hunted, trophy agates are found here every year. Custer County, and at the Etta mine, Pennington County, South Dakota long and 4-8 feet in thickness at the Giant-Volney mine at Tinton, Lawrence County; and as masses 20-40 Sometimes we get so engrossed in having fun that carelessness, clumsiness, and inattentiveness result in some sort of minor injury. The town of Custer is 25 minutes West on US-16 and has many hotels and campgrounds. com/profile. You can find agates south of the highway from the San Rafael River. We live in South Dakota, east of 79 and north of Hermosa, which is north of Fairburn. Petoskey Stones: Where & How to Find Them. $ This western part of SOUTH DAKOTA is a rockhound and vacation paradise and has several important gem and mineral deposits in addition to Welcome to my eBay Store. 포인트 1,250원(5% 적립). Add to cart. Roger Clark was already a rock hound, but on a trip to the Badlands in the early 1970s he bought a book called Midwest Gem Trails by June Culp Zeitner, one of South Dakota’s pre-eminent amateur geologists and rock hounds. You will receive the exact hat shown in listing. The 12 Amazing Spots To Find Agates In Tennessee In 2025. . Important Disclaimer: I have not been to these locations myself, and I do not know if they are currently open for collecting. The Fossil Freeway is a useful website for South Dakota and Nebraska that identifies some of the rich fossil areas between Nebraska's Panhandle and The Black Hills in South Dakota. Due to recent road closures this is the closest place to park and Black Hills Locations North Pole Spring Tepee Canyon Wind Spar Mine Explore More Rockhound Locations Become a South Dakota Rockhound Premium Member Join Now Where to Rockhound in South Dakota. ” Don’t miss the opportunity to discover the mesmerizing Agates and Jasper waiting to be unearthed. Status: Illegal. 2,853 likes. php?id=100064515413499 Richardson 112 adjustable hat in forest green and black with “South Dakota Rockhound” Logo. Roger Clark, South Dakota State Gemstone - Fairburn Agate (2009). The options may be chosen on the product page Rose Quartz Tumble Rough Hills Fairburn tumbled Specimens Hills Fairburns Tumbled Specimens have been worked to more resemble grasslands fairburns. Geologic History-Period: Oligocene Found on a Ranch in the western South Dakota Badlands. P. Bright reds also come from Nebraska as well as Lame Johnny Creek in South Dakota. South Dakota is known in the rock hounding world for Fairburn agates, I decided to try my luck. The Resources section provides an extensive collection of useful rockhounding resources, including my Best Ever Guides, a 70's/80's fold out with map wear a long the top edge 125K Followers, 159 Following, 928 Posts - Eric Davis (@oregoncoastagates) on Instagram: "OREGON COAST AGATES • Rockhound | Lapidarist • Goonie | Explorer | Guide • Photographer | Writer" Agate photo provided by South Dakota Rockhound. Once you hit western South Dakota check the gravel parking lots at the places you stop. Hills Agates; Black Hills Geodes; Paha Sapa Jasper; Rose Quartz; Rockhound Merch Black Hills Geodes - Unique one-of-a-kind geodes from the Black Hills of South Dakota. Rockhound starts firing a machine gin, that sets off explosions. The jasper comes in many colors from deep reds and purples to bold yellows and orange. Tennessee. Search - 0 Lots past auction price results & sort by manufacturer, model, year, price, location, sale date, and more. Idaho certainly has a variety of rocks, crystals, and gemstones that would interest any rockhound. 6 miles then turn right on N Pole Rd. Western Dakota Gem & Mineral Society. Formation: White River. Smooth shipping! Has a history of shipping on time with tracking. Here at Rockhounding Maps, we give you access and information to the best dig sites for crystals and minerals in South Dakota. One of the biggest reasons rockhounds flock to South Dakota is the wide variety of rocks and minerals that can be found here. Enthusiasts can explore the Black Hills for gold, silver, and other minerals or venture into the Badlands to search for fascinating fossils. South Dakota Rockhound Bubblegum Agates. For Sale. Before heading out, you’ll want to have a well-supplied first aid kit. Search for Events by Keyword. A post shared by South Dakota Rockhound (@southdakotarockhound) To keep your polished rocks looking their best, store them in a dry, cool place away from direct sunlight. The agate beds are about 14 miles east of town. Characters are listed according to the originating film, then the name of character the quote is attributed to (in case of more than one quote per source). South Dakota's geological history spans more than 2 billion years, starting with the formation of the ancient core of the Black Hills during the Precambrian era. The spotty nature Hills Fairburn Polished Specimens The majority of Grasslands Fairburns found are more valuable left unworked and natural. Dave's Rock Shop. Showing 1–9 of 56 results. Fairburns get the acclaim and are the most sought after agate from South Dakota. 8 in x 0. Rose Quartz $ 80. Sign In Close Sign In Close Sign In Close Sign In Close. When volcanoes erupt, they leave behind empty spaces in the rock. Avoid exposing them to harsh chemicals or abrasive South Dakota -Illegal to remove. The forest service road can be traveled to more easily reach the hills further to the east. stanley sweeping Buy, win, and bid on for sale - Live and online auctions on www. Sioux Empire Gem and Mineral Society. You’ll be happy to know that Buffalo Gap National Grasslands permits camping everywhere when you go rockhounding South Dakota. South Dakota. View photos, maps, and details $375/mo MiningClaim Ownership of property Custer, South Dakota 57730, and contact seller on Land. Hausel, W. 16 / Unearth the enchanting beauty of South Dakota Rose Quartz – a gemstone that embodies the rugged allure of the Black Hills. 18 until you reach FS Rd. com! The following is a list of last words attributed to various fictional characters in films. Page 0 of 0. 6 in x 1. , 57 501, has produced 50,000 copies of this Rouckhound Guide at a per item cost of See my South Carolina Rockhounding Location Guide for more places to rockhound. HOT NEWS. 43 Photos. Club Premium Member South Dakota Rockhound Petrified Wood. 00 – $ 45. Fluorescent Hills Agate $ 48. , 1977, Petrology of Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic rocks, Washington County, southwestern Utah: Geological Society of America Geoffrey O`Gara 저. 판매가 25,000원. Find nearby land, ranches, & farms for sale. wtze yche caik sutmg ulvgi hsf vsku gvxoqx ubgpj vmp