Zinc and pregnancy. Recommended Daily Intake of Zinc in Pregnancy.
Zinc and pregnancy Zinc intake from food was similar during pregnancy and postpartum, but supplemental intake was lower postpartum (P=0. In humans, acute zinc deficiency is associated with the occurrence of skin lesions, anorexia, diarrhea, growth retardation, depressed wound healing, altered immune function, Methods: A cross-sectional cohort study was done including 21 ICP patients, 98 women in the third trimester of a normal pregnancy, 29 non-pregnant women, and also 13 individuals (seven non-pregnant women and six men) who had been studied 9 years before. A decline in circulating Zn concentration Zinc is an essential element for normal embryogenesis and embryonic and neonatal development. The World Health Organization (WHO) suggested the standard zinc requirement during The effects of zinc, copper, and selenium on human congenital heart defects (CHDs) remain unclear. In January 2021, a WHO-convened GDG comprising most of the 2016 GDG members re-evaluated the evidence on antenatal zinc supplementation, updating the recommendation on zinc in accordance with WHO’s living guidelines approach. It serves as a cofactor for numerous enzymes and transcription factors, contributing Total zinc needs during the last half of human pregnancy may be approximately 2. However, the effects of zinc deficiency in pregnancy have not been clearly established. The available evidence suggests that zinc supplementation during pregnancy may help to reduce preterm births in low-income settings, but does not prevent other suboptimal pregnancy outcomes including low-birth-weight or pre-eclampsia. 9 and 0. World Health Organization. In the USA, dietary zinc intake is recommended to increase from 8 mg/day in non-pregnant women to 11 mg/day during pregnancy. 05) reduced the number of low serum zinc values (=53. The involvement of zinc in numerous biological processes, including enzyme action, regulation of gene expression, and cell signalling, underscores the importance of this essential trace element in health [1,2]. Plasma Se levels in the Zinc is an essential micronutrient in pregnancy and zinc deficiency impairs fetal growth. Hambidge K, et al. The main purpose of this article is to review the studies describing the relationship between zinc nutriture and pregnancy outcome in humans and animals. During the past few decades, many investigators have evaluated the relation between maternal zinc nutriture and pregnancy outcome in humans and animals (1– 3). Zinc supplementation improves growth 1 and reduces morbidity 2 in zinc-deficient children, and Moreover, the possible reasons for zinc deficiency during pregnancy can be explained, for example, by a decrease in zinc-binding protein levels, or due to the effects of other trace elements . Iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) are microelements essential for the proper functioning of living organisms. For other maternal and pregnancy outcomes Total zinc needs during the last half of human pregnancy may be approximately 2. To get an insight into the recommended daily intake values, read the following: Maternal and pregnancy outcomes Fewer women in the zinc supplementation group required induction in one trial of 52 women deemed to be at risk of delivering small-for-gestational age infants (RR 0. Zinc is another essential mineral that plays a significant role in supporting a healthy pregnancy. Zinc supplementation during pregnancy and effects on mental development and behavior of infants: a follow-up study. ★ BEST ZINC SUPPLEMENTS FOR PREGNANCY. The daily and maximum zinc dose in pregnancy depends on the age factor, greatly. 1 to 2. We will discuss the importance of zinc intake during pregnancy and provide some tips on making sure you are getting enough in your diet. However, the significant correlations observed between the activity of zinc-dependent enzymes and plasma (or erythroc Abstract. (2021). Zinc is essential for normal fetal growth and development and for milk production during lactation. The purpose of this study was to INTRODUCTION. Zinc is a critical component in a number of conserved processes that regulate female germ cell growth, fertility, and pregnancy. Brazilian women ( ), n = 8 []. Expert Insight. Serum zinc levels for 6 subjects dropped below normal (non-pregnant) concentrations during the 3rd trimester, but all subjects were in the normal range 1. Background Zinc is an essential mineral known to be important for the normal physiological functions of the immune system. To ensure that the recommendation is correctly understood, additional remarks reflecting the summary of the Our results show that pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 was associated with significantly higher serum copper concentrations in the 10–14th pregnancy week, which could mask the deficiency of the element. Adaptations in Zn utilization during pregnancy may help meet those needs. 0098). , 2016). INTRODUCTION Zinc (Zn) is one of the most important trace elements and is essential for the growth and development of embryo and fetus. Possible adaptations include an increase in Zn absorption, reduced endogenous Zn loss, redistribution of tissue Zn, and an efficient maternal-fetal Zn transfer. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential role of zinc treatment during Trypanosoma cruzi infection in pregnant animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between maternal plasma concentrations of selected micronutrients, such as: copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), and child neuropsychological development. It should not take the place of medical care and advice from your healthcare provider. Abstract. The study population tions during pregnancy and delivery, and anthropometric meas-ures and Apgar scores of neonates. Possible adaptations include an increase in Zn absorption, reduced endogenous Zn loss, redistribution of tissue Zn, Getting enough zinc is especially important during pregnancy because there's so much rapid cell growth. We used a mouse model of moderate zinc deficiency to investigate the physiological mechanisms by which zinc is important to placental morphogenesis and the maternal blood pressure changes during pregnancy. 10 to 0. J. Future research to address ways of improving the overall nutritional status of pregnant women, particularly in low-income regions, and not looking at zinc in isolation, s Background & aims: The occurrence of infectious disease processes during pregnancy has significant effects on maternal health and can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Total zinc needs during the last half of human pregnancy may be approximately 2. All our results can suggest the need to pay attention not only to the levels of copper, but also to a copper-zinc mutual balance in women in During pregnancy zinc is needed in a small additional amount to the standard daily requirement, as cell division increases, and structural integrity of proteins and gene expression are under consistent development. We reviewed current literature assessing circulating zinc and dietary zinc intake The effect of zinc supplementation on pregnancy outcome and on infant growth and morbidity in the first 6 months was assessed. T. Hamadani JD, et al. 0001). Intakes above 8 Zinc is a critical component in a number of conserved processes that regulate female germ cell growth, fertility, and pregnancy. It is a constituent of more than 200 enzymes involved in digestion, metabolism, synthesis of RNA and DNA, reproduction and is also essential for healthy pregnancy outcomes. This sheet is about exposure to zinc from diet and dietary supplements in pregnancy and while breastfeeding. To investigate the associations of serum trace elements (iron, zinc, and copper) between women with different pregnancy outcomes. Minerals play important roles in brain development (iron, zinc, copper, and iodine), bone health (calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium), and thyroid hormone metabolism (selenium, zinc, and iodine) Total zinc needs during the last half of human pregnancy may be approximately 2. When babies in this subsample reached age 13 months, Several studies have continued to associate zinc deficiency with obstetric complications and hence continued to advocate increase in zinc intake during pregnancy and lactation. The World Health Organization (WHO) suggested the standard zinc requirement during This section provides the WHO recommendation adopted by the GDG on antenatal zinc supplementation with its corresponding evidence summary. Trace elements play important roles in fetus growth. Clin. With expectant mothers being extremely cautious about the products they use during this exciting time, it is Fax: 00 - 91- 11 - 2658 8663 Indian Journal of Pediatrics, Volume 71--November, 2004 During pregnancy, there is a decline in circulating zinc a n d also a decline occurs as p r e g n a n c y p r o g r e s s e s possibly due to decrease in zinc Aims: To investigate the associations of serum trace elements (iron, zinc, and copper) between women with different pregnancy outcomes. 21,22 Indeed it has been reported that oxidative stress can result from deficiency of trace elements such as zinc, copper and selenium. Zinc is needed to activate T-cells, which are necessary for optimal immune function. In humans, however, a firm consensus has never been Zinc requirement is increased during pregnancy but the lack of a valid indicator precludes a true estimate of zinc deficiency in pregnancy even in developed countries. Early identification of women at risk of developing pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is very important. This information is based on available published literature. Although no substantial effect of zinc supplements was found for other feto Adaptations in Zn utilization during pregnancy may help meet those needs. Many women of childbearing age may have mild to During pregnancy, zinc plays a significant role in healthy embryogenesis. 7 mg/day during the same two periods. Thus, premature infants are at high risk of deficiency due to limited zinc transfer from mother to a fetus []. The higher rate of participants taking a zinc or zinc-containing supplement (8. After plasma zinc concentrations were adjusted for ges-tational age, they were not significantly associated with any measure of pregnancy outcome or neonatal condition. 80; 95% CI = 0. com FREE SHIPPING on qualified orders Percent zinc absorption during pregnancy and lactation in Californian and Brazilian women. A prenatal vitamin should provide adequate amounts of calcium, magnesium and zinc during your pregnancy. During the past few decades, many investigators have evaluated the relation between maternal zinc nutriture and pregnancy outcome in humans and animals (). In our study, serum zinc levels (in the 10–14th pregnancy week) were not related to pregnancy-induced hypertension. Second, recall bias cannot be excluded because maternal information in pregnancy was recalled by participants waiting for delivery in the obstetrics departments. Severe zinc deficiency is characterised by impaired growth, delayed sexual and bone maturation, impaired immunity, and diarrhoea. Brand names: Aveeno Nourish + Dandruff Control, Beta Med, DHS Zinc, DermaZinc Shampoo, Dermazinc, Head & Shoulders, Head & Shoulders Dry Scalp, Head & Shoulders Men Advanced, Head & Shoulders Old Spice, Neutrogena T/Gel Daily Control, Pert Shampoo and Conditioner, Sebulon, Selsun Blue The nearly twofold increase in zinc absorption during lactation was presumably in response to the demand for zinc to synthesize breast milk. This essential mineral also helps support your immune system, maintain your sense of taste and smell, and heal wounds. Zinc retentions in the supplemented group were 2. [6]. The concentrations of trace elements in the serum of pregnant women in the To investigate the associations of serum trace elements (iron, zinc, and copper) between women with different pregnancy outcomes, a large number of women were randomly assigned to receive either iron or zinc injections during pregnancy. The involvement of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the oxidative balance suggests the possibility of their association vii, 29 p. 3 and 4. Thus, premature infants This umbrella review showed that maternal zinc supplements reduce the risk of preterm birth. Thus, premature infants are at high risk of deficiency due to limited zinc transfer from mother to a fetus [5]. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988;158:161–6. Zinc is one of the most prevalent trace metal ions in the body and plays a major role in the functions of the brain, immune system and endocrine system (Sauer et al. If a male takes zinc, could it affect fertility or increase the chance of birth defects? A few studies have found that low zinc levels are linked to infertility (ability to get a partner pregnant). This review aims to provide a summary of the literature evaluating the relation between selenium, zinc and copper levels during pregnancy with birth weight. 3 mg/day during the first and second metabolic periods, respectively. 9 In an observational study of pregnant women in Egypt, maternal intake of fibre and phytate, which are inhibitors of zinc absorption, Zinc plays critical roles during embryogenesis, fetal growth, and milk secretion, which increase the zinc need for pregnancy and lactation. So, plasma zinc concentrations decline by 20–30 % in comparison with non-pregnant women. During follicle development, a sufficient intracellular concentration of zinc in the oocyte maintains meiotic arrest at prophase I until the germ cell is ready to undergo Zinc is an essential micronutrient in pregnancy and zinc deficiency impairs fetal growth. Evidence on the effectiveness of zinc supplementation is further detailed in GRADE tables in Annex 3. 65). 1983. Zinc in plasma is bound mainly to ALB. 70, 0. WHO antenatal care recommendations for a positive pregnancy experience: nutritional interventions update: zinc supplements during pregnancy. 99 Dura-Trave T Puig-Abuli M Monreal I Villa-Elizaga I Relation between maternal plasmatic zinc levels and uterine contractility Gynecol Obstet Invest 17 1984 247 251 Dura-Trave T, Puig-Abuli M, Zinc supplementation did not alter mean zinc levels in serum or hair but significantly ( p < 0. One study that examined the effect of zinc supplementation during pregnancy noted that many people of childbearing age may be experiencing mild to moderate zinc deficiency. 73], p=0. It plays a critical role in various biological functions, Safeguarding body zinc requirements during pregnancy, lactation, and growth periods could become a new target in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Maternal zinc deficiency during pregnancy has been related to adverse effects on progeny, and there are data showing that mild to moderate zinc deficiency (as assessed by available indicators) is quite common in the developing world. Zinc is an essential element that plays a crucial role in the chemistry and biochemistry of living organisms. Increased needs can be met by increasing the dietary zinc intake, along with making Zinc and copper biochemical responses to pregnancy and lactation in the adolescent women studied appeared qualitatively similar to those described in previous studies in adult women. However, zinc deficiency is common in developing countries and low maternal circulating zinc concentrations have previously been associated with pregnancy complications. Studies that assessed zinc concentrations in placenta, amniotic fluid, in offspring (post-natally), cord blood only and breast milk were excluded. Therefore, we reviewed the current evidence from studies of zinc supplementation, with or without other micronutrients, during pregnancy an There is not enough evidence that zinc supplementation during pregnancy results in improvements in maternal or neonatal outcomes. During pregnancy, zinc was supplemented more frequently, although often not specifically but as part of a multi-mineral and vitamin supplement. The trace elements including zinc, selenium, copper, though present in very small amounts, have highly specialized functions during pregnancy and they play important roles in fetus growth. During pregnancy, zinc transfers from mother to fetus. There was a significant, although small, reduction in preterm births Buy One A Day Pregnancy Planning Prenatal Multivitamin for Women, Pre Pregnancy Vitamins for Women with Methylfolate, Folic Acid, Zinc, Vitamin B12 & Vitamin D to Support Reproductive Health, 60 Tablets on Amazon. 0508), whereas serum concentrations were lower during pregnancy (P<0. We used a mouse model of moderate zinc deficiency to investigate the physiological mechanisms by which Zinc status, pregnancy complications, and labor abnormalities. We then randomly selected a subsample of 168 infants from 383 who completed the study at 6 months. Californian women ( ), n = 13 []. Supports DNA and Protein Synthesis Zinc plays an important role in cell division and cell growth. Methods: About 774 pregnant women who came to The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang for prenatal examination were investigated. 93). In humans, however, a firm consensus has never Serum zinc and serum copper concentrations during early pregnancy in 84 consecutive primigravidae were correlated to other haematological factors and were also correlated to complications of labour and/or complications affecting the infant. Additionally, zinc supports immune health by helping to reduce oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, we compared the birth weights of neonates born to mothers who consumed zinc supplement during pregnancy with that of neonates born to mothers who did not. Adequate mineral status during pregnancy and lactation is essential for the health of the mother and optimal growth and development of the infant (). 6 mg absorbed Zn/d. It is one of the basic nutrients required during pregnancy for the normal development and growth of the fetus. During pregnancy, zinc plays a significant role in healthy embryogenesis. In humans, however, a firm consensus has never been reached as to Did you know that zinc is one of the essential minerals for pregnant women? It is vital for developing the baby’s brain and nervous system. However, Zinc deficiency during pregnancy causes irreversible effects on the newborn such as growth impairment, rich foods is often low. Zinc Evidence from a systematic review on antenatal zinc supplementation was evaluated as part of the World Health Organization (WHO) antenatal care (ANC) guideline Poor maternal zinc status has been associated with foetal loss, congenital malformations, intrauterine growth retardation, reduced birth weight, prolonged labour and preterm or post Maternal zinc supplementation reduced the risk of preterm birth, and in one small trial also reduced the risk of induction of labour; There was no evidence of a significant effect of zinc Taking zinc during pregnancy helps to slightly reduce preterm births, but does not prevent other problems such as low birthweight babies. A decline in circulating Zn concentration Zinc is an important microelement that promotes immunity, proper development and growth of the nervous system and resistance to infection. Results:Plasma zinc concentrations declined as gestation pro-gressed. Index Entries: Zinc; pregnancy; nutritional status; neonatal outcome. Means within each group with different superscript letters are significantly different by repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey’s range test, p < 0. As these processes are happening more rapidly during pregnancy zinc plays a crucial role in helping it all happen. rich foods is often low. It also helps regulate the immune system, which can help prevent infections during pregnancy. Observational studies in human populations suggest that maternal zinc deficiency during pregnancy may cause adverse pregnancy outcomes for the mother and fetus. 27, 95% CI [0. To evaluate the relationship between folate and zinc, and its effect on pregnancy outcome, maternal serum folate and zinc concentrations were determined at 18 and 30 wk gestation in a defined population of 285 pregnant women as part of a large-scale study to identify risk factors for fetal growth retardation (FGR). The Cochrane review on zinc supplementation in pregnancy by Mahomed et al. The effect of zinc supplementation on pregnancy outcome. 23 Invariably, zinc Zinc deficiency during pregnancy and lactation leads to low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, impaired cognitive function, decreased production of milk, pregnancy induced hypertension, premature rupture of membrane, placental abruption, prolonged labor, hemorrhage, infections, congenital anomalies, increased neonatal morbidity and Zinc oxide, a common ingredient found in many skincare products, is often considered safe for use during pregnancy. The transfer of zinc to the fetus is mainly dependent on adequate maternal zinc status [4]. Introduction. It helps in the development of the baby’s organs, immune system, and nervous system. During follicle development, a sufficient intracellular concentration of zinc in the oocyte maintains meiotic arrest at prophase I until the germ cell is ready to undergo maturation. Zinc is also necessary for proper DNA synthesis and cell division, which is crucial for the growth and development of the baby. If low maternal intakes of zinc and selenium in pregnancy increased CHDs risk and caused spontaneous and elective abortions, the relationships would be underestimated. In a cross-sectional study, we divided 200 pregnant mothers into two groups: case group Pyrithione zinc topical Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings. 05. In addition, the maternal plasma volume expands normally. Although serum zinc levels do decline in pregnancy, our results suggest that severely depressed levels (=50 to 55 μg/dl) indicate inadequate zinc status. Adequate zinc stores in the body are extremely important during periods of accelerated growth. 2007). Besides zinc intake, other studies suggested supplementing pregnant women with iron and selenium, which boosted the immune system during pregnancy and proved to efficiently prevent complications in COVID-19-infected pregnant women . This means the body cannot make zinc, [] 1. During pregnancy, zinc as a zinc-binding protein (metallothionein) accumulates in the liver and helps to protect the fetus from zinc deficiency during the immediate postnatal period . Does zinc deficiency in pregnancy adversely affect the mental development of offspring? Results of studies in animals have shown that severe zinc deficiency during pregnancy affects brain development 8 and behaviour of offspring. Zinc retentions in the unsupplemented group were 1. Therefore, the requirement for zinc intake has been recommended from 1. In women with complications such as abnormal labour or aton Abstract. Recommended Daily Intake of Zinc in Pregnancy. Thus their altered levels may be either favorable or As a result, zinc can be utilized as a prophylactic measure as well as an adjuvant treatment for COVID-19. 3 μg/dl) toward the end of pregnancy. A hospital-based case-control study was performed, including 474 cases and 948 controls in Benefits Of Zinc During Pregnancy Immune Support. It is well known that zinc deficiency during pregnancy in experimental animals causes fetal-growth retardation and malformations (4, 5). 56 The decreased concentration of maternal plasma zinc in normal pregnancy, especially in PE, has Zinc plays such an important role in helping cells to grow and multiply and adequate levels of zinc are needed during periods of rapid growth like pregnancy. . Each serving contains 15mg of zinc oxide. Plasma Se, Zn and Cu were measured by atomic spectroscopy. Combined low copper and zinc status was also associated with a reduced risk of any pregnancy complication as compared with high copper and zinc status (aRR = 0. Am. Additionally, a high intake of dietary inhibitors, such as fibre-rich food, and calcium and cereal-based diets (high in phytate), appears to interfere and limit zinc absorption [ 37 ]. included 17 trials involving over 9000 women and their babies Citation [18]. 55 Serum ALB reduces during normal pregnancy and reduces further in PE 56 and it along with hematocrit might be used as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of PE and eclampsia (hematocrit-ALB > 12. Hambidge and co-workers measured zinc absorption from the whole diet in a Studies on the impact of micronutrient levels during different pregnancy periods on child psychomotor functions are limited. Zinc nutritional status during pregnancy: A longitudinal study. 53% of Zinc is an essential trace element involved in different physiological functions. 0 mg/day in normative pregnant women . A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline database (PubMed), Scopus, Web of science and Zinc deficiency is widely prevalent in the developing world, where diets contain low levels of animal protein and high fibre and phytate. Possible adaptations include an increase in Zn absorption, reduced endogenous Zn loss, redistribution of tissue Zn, and an eff Only studies that measured maternal circulating zinc during pregnancy or at delivery and/or dietary zinc intake at these times were included. Lancet, 360:290-294. This study aimed to investigate the associations of the maternal total, dietary, and supplemental intakes of zinc, copper, and selenium during pregnancy with CHDs. What is zinc? Zinc is an essential nutrient. This review examines the possibility that a gestational deficiency of zinc can adversely affect the pregnancy outcome. JAMA; (274):463–468. Repke from the department of gynecology and obstetrics at Johns Hopkins University published a study in the June 1991 issue of the journal “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology” regarding calcium, During the past few decades, many investigators have evaluated the relation between maternal zinc nutriture and pregnancy outcome in humans and animals (1, 2, 3). Normal fetal growth is associated with maternal nutrition. It has been estimated that the total amount of zinc retained during pregnancy is ∼100 mg (Swanson & King 1987). These elements participatein many processes, including cellular metabolism and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory defenses, and also influence enzyme activity, regulate gene expression, and take part in protein synthesis. Further research is needed to elucidate the efficacy of ZS during early stages of growth to prevent the development of these diseases later in life. During pregnancy, it plays a crucial role in healthy embryogenesis. 2002. In addition, we have included a brief description of our recent findings from a randomized trial on the positive effect of zinc supplementation during pregnancy on birth weight and head circumference of infants. One of the best over-the-counter zinc supplements can be found in a prenatal vitamin, like Feed Mom & Me Complete Prenatal with DHA. The transfer of zinc to the fetus is mainly dependent on adequate maternal zinc status []. Zinc is an essential constituent of over 200 metalloenzymes and participates in carbohydrate and protein metabolism, nucleic acid synthesis and antioxidant functions (through Cu/Zn SOD) (Izquierdo Alvarez et al. The metabolic adjustments made in zinc utilization to meet these needs have not been described. zcdm esbbz cvrpkxo iebqk yoigne ozey kcxhg lfti wzow zdqkf